The Economic Risks from Cyberattacks

Goldman Sachs estimates that the total economic cost of cyberattacks in the US reached $300 billion (1% of GDP) in 2025. The report highlights how AI is lowering the barriers for sophisticated cyber threats while also offering new tools for automated defense.

Key Takeaways

• 1.The total cost of cyberattacks in the US was estimated at $300 billion in 2025, roughly 1% of GDP, including indirect costs like lost productivity and cybersecurity spending.
• 2.AI models lower the barriers for cybercriminals by automating malware creation, phishing, and vulnerability discovery, potentially favoring attackers over defenders in the near term.
• 3.The frequency and sophistication of attacks are rising, with AI-facilitated attacks reported to the FBI averaging $40k in losses, double the cost of non-AI attacks.

Table of Contents

• Understanding Cyber Risk
• Understanding AI-Related Cyber Risk
• Understanding AI-Related Cyber Security
• Understanding the Macroeconomic Impacts of Cyberattacks
• The US Economic and Financial Outlook
• The US Economics Team
• Disclosure Appendix

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